Both tools produce a 0–100 score, and the numbers can disagree. The Lighthouse score is a weighted average of binary pass/fail audits. A single button without an accessible name fails the "Buttons have an accessible name" audit outright regardless of how many other buttons pass, and that failure is weighted against the other audits. The result is sensitive to which axe-core rules a page hits but relatively insensitive to how many violations of each rule live on the page.
The A11y Pulse score takes a different shape. Every page starts at 100, and every violation deducts points by severity: 20 for a Critical, 15 for a Serious, 5 for a Moderate, 2 for a Minor. The page score floors at 0; the site score averages across all tracked pages. A page with thirty colour-contrast failures scores visibly lower than a page with one. Scores fall into Good (90–100), Needs Improvement (70–89), and Poor (0–69) bands.
Neither algorithm is "correct". Lighthouse's weighting reflects axe-core's per-audit user-impact assessment. A11y Pulse's deduction model reflects the actual count of violations a developer will work through. For a stakeholder slide, the A11y Pulse score plus the monthly delta is the version that holds up best, because it answers both "where are we" and "are we improving".